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Moral Law and the Morality of Nations


Moral Law and the Morality of Nations

"Man…must necessarily be subject to the laws of his Creator…This will of his Maker is called the law of nature…This law of nature...is of course superior to any other...No human laws are of any validity, if contrary to this: and such of them as are valid derive all their force...from this original." -William Blackstone

The Founders did not establish the Constitution for the purpose of granting rights. Rather, they established a government of laws in order to secure each person's God given rights to life, liberty, and property.

The Founders recognized that the inalienable rights endowed by the Creator would not be sustained in society unless they were protected under a code of law that was itself in harmony with a higher law. They called it "natural law," or "Nature's law." Such law established limits for all of man's laws and is intended to protect the natural rights of all men. The Declaration of Independence established the premise that in America a people might assume the station "to which the laws of Nature and Nature's God entitle them…"

Parts I and II showed from the Scriptures that the ceremonial and judicial laws associated with the Mosaic economy have passed away with the coming of the New Covenant. Christ has established a new order, a ‘new and living way’ to approach the living God. [Hebrews 10:19-20] ‘With His own blood He entered the Most Holy Place once for all, having obtained eternal redemption.’ [Hebrews 9:11-12]

Consistent with the new order there is minimal doctrine addressing the outward state. New Testament emphasis is on the spiritual. The church is the visible manifestation of the Kingdom of God, not a kingdom of this world. Christians are commanded to submit to the governing authority as instituted by God. There is no theocracy in the New Testament.

The Christian ethic and moral law

This article will address the moral law embodied in the Ten Commandments and the morality of a nation instituted in its civil law. The issue of the law and the gospel will be covered in more detail in the next article.

The Christian ethic teaches that all men, regardless of religion, race or gender, are worthy of respect because they bear the image of the Creator. Therefore, we are to do good to our neighbor, and as far as it is in our power we will pursue peace with him. How do we define what is good?

The fundamental error of the new culture is that the authority of the Scriptures has been compromised from secular and religious enemies of the gospel. Without the authority of the Bible and the supremacy of Jesus Christ we are hopelessly lost. Finite man requires a reference to the absolute that the Scriptures give him.

The first tablet of the Ten Commandments defines how man is to love God. To implement those commandments in civil law would return us to an Old Testament theocracy and to the types and shadows of the Mosaic economy. This is contrary to the New Covenant.

The second tablet defines love toward other men. ‘Love does no wrong to a neighbor; love therefore is the fulfillment of the law’ [Romans 13:10]. Moral law defines what is good toward our neighbor and therefore is applicable to civil law. This is the law that formed the basis of our civil law.

The origin of the rule of law

We assume the rule of law, but this principle is relatively new in history. It did not occur by natural processes. By nature, men rule over other men. We can trace the origin of the rule of law to Biblical Christianity. The rule of law requires an ethic and a consensus among the people that the ethic is righteous. Ethics depend on the religious foundation of a nation.

The American system of law is rooted in the Judeo-Christian ethic. The English Puritans were children of the Reformation. They gave us the rule of law rather than the anarchy of the French humanists. The Reformation man believes that God has spoken in the Scriptures. Therefore, there is truth about God and truth about man on which to base law and morality.

Oliver Cromwell championed the revolutionary idea that kings were not above the law after Samuel Rutherford demonstrated from the Scriptures that the Law is King. These men stood up in faith against the English monarchy. King Charles was executed for conspiracy and with him fell the tyranny of kings.

The New England Protestants, with influence from Jonathan Edwards and the Great Awakening, made the same case against King George. They stood up in faith and threw off the tyrannical rule of a king who violated English law. They helped birth a new nation with freedoms never before seen on the earth; a nation founded on individual liberty under the rule of law.

Moral law reaffirmed in the New Testament

Christ dealt with the woman caught in adultery with gentleness, not with the harshness that Moses demanded. He told her to ‘go and sin no more’. He did not advocate her public stoning. [John 8:10]

Let each one of you speak truth with his neighbor…Let him who stole steal no longer, but rather let him labor, working with his hands what is good, that he may have something to give him who has need.’ [Ephesians 4:25,28] Paul affirms the positive aspect of the law by advocating truth telling. He admonishes the former thief to labor so that he will be able to give.

In Galatians 5:22 Paul lists the fruit of the Spirit including ‘love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness and self control.’ He then says that against such there is no law.

In I Timothy 1:8 Paul teaches that the law is not made for a righteous person, but for the lawless. He then lists an assortment of sins including murder, sexual immorality and perjury.

In Romans 13 we have one of the few instances in the NT that addresses the Christians responsibility to the civil government. ‘The ruling authorities are not a terror to good works, but to evil…He is God’s minister to you for good. But if you do evil, be afraid; for he does not bear the sword in vain; for he is…an avenger to execute wrath on him who practices evil.’ [Romans 13:3-4]

The state has authority from God to use the sword to enforce what is good. In context Paul lists the second tablet of the law to define what is good. [Romans 13:9]

Moral law necessary for a free society

The early American civil codes were strongly influenced by the moral law defined by the second tablet. The death penalty was enforced for murder. The institution of marriage was protected against frivolous divorce. Before ‘no fault’ divorce, a legitimate cause, either sexual immorality or abandonment was the only grounds for divorce. The perjury laws provided protection for the legal system. There was no ambiguity on the sanctity of life or marriage.

Even though our culture has lost its original consensus of right and wrong, the ethic is still codified in the law. When the Court or the Congress redefine existing law, they are really exchanging the Christian ethic for a new ethic evident in the cultural decline. Because the consensus has changed, they are not removed from office. Civil law always reflects a morality. The question is whose morality will prevail.

How is it possible to have a free society among men? Men desire freedom over tyranny, but the fallen nature of men cannot be let go without restraint. In most of history this was accomplished through totalitarianism. The Founders understood something about man that is lost to the new culture. Men cannot be free neither can men be expected to love their neighbor while they are bound to their sin. Real freedom is experienced in the gospel of Jesus Christ. Free societies are made up of self-governing men. This is only possible where the gospel is freely preached and practiced.

The first amendment is intended to protect the free exercise of the Christian religion from government intrusion. The neo-Americans are intent on tearing down the Christian religion and its influence over the culture. We contend that the only way to maintain a free society is to return to the ethic that saw freedom flourish. There must be an ethical foundation for civil law. The new culture has no ethic. The fallen nature of man is set free from restraint. Lawlessness abounds and moral relativism abounds as liberty gives way to oppression.

Some men think that freedom comes without the boundaries of moral law. The Bible says that rather than being free, they are really enslaved to their sin. ‘Whoever commits sin is a slave of sin…If the Son makes you free, you shall be free indeed.’ –Jesus Christ from John 8:34 and 36

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The elephant in the room…evolution and hyper-antinomianism


The elephant in the room…evolution and hyper-antinomianism

Thanks to Mr. Rohrbough for standing up and confronting the culture. He speaks the truth that everybody knows, but will not say. Suppressing the knowledge of God in favor of irrational naturalism leads inevitably to foolishness and hyper-antinomianism or lawlessness.

Look at the words of Brian Rohrbough aired on the free speech segment of ABC news …

I'm saddened and shaken by the shooting at an Amish school today, and last week’s school murders.

When my son Dan was murdered on the sidewalk at Columbine High School on April 20, 1999, I hoped that would be the last school shooting. Since that day, I’ve tried to answer the question, "Why did this happen?"

This country is in a moral free-fall. For over two generations, the public school system has taught in a moral vacuum, expelling God from the school and from the government, replacing him with evolution, where the strong kill the weak, without moral consequences and life has no inherent value.

We teach there are no absolutes, no right or wrong. And I assure you the murder of innocent children is always wrong, including by abortion. Abortion has diminished the value of children.

Suicide has become an acceptable action and has further emboldened these criminals. And we are seeing an epidemic increase in murder-suicide attacks on our children.

Sadly, our schools are not safe. In fact, we now witness that within our schools. Our children have become a target of terrorists from within the United States.”


Secularism has no foundation and will not stand because it has a fatally flawed view of man. The founders understood that the fallen nature of man must be restrained in order for a free society to exist. The necessary restraint came from the gospel. In Biblical Christianity the greatest principles for subduing our innate depravity are revealed in saving grace and common grace. All Americans were not Christians. Common grace worked out as a consensus that the words of Christ were trustworthy, and that the freedoms we share are built on the foundation of His words.

In our day the problem of our nature is aggravated by making accuses for man’s cruelty. We blame everything else except our fallen nature. However, the elephant in the room is the vain philosophy of evolution. Those who advocate this belief admit that evolution makes no moral judgments. Its ethic is that there are no ethics. Depravity is freed of all restraint.

Those who use the freedoms derived from the Biblical world view to tear down the foundations of freedom are of all men most foolish. The Scriptures speak clearly that all men can see the Creator in the created cosmos. When men suppress this knowledge they are without excuse. They are blinded by their folly and given up to lawlessness. They pretend that there is no God. The Scriptures have revealed them in graphic detail, but seeing they will not see and hearing they will not hear for these things are of faith…

The wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who suppress the truth in unrighteousness, because what may be known of God is manifest in them, for God has shown it to them. For since the creation of the world His invisible attributes are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even His eternal power and Godhead, so that they are without excuse, because, although they knew God, they did not glorify Him as God, nor were thankful, but became futile in their thoughts, and their foolish hearts were darkened. Professing to be wise, they became fools, and changed the glory of the incorruptible God into an image made like corruptible man…” [Romans 1:18-23]

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Discerning between laws in the kingdom - Part II


The Kingdom of God and the Church

Discerning between laws in the kingdom - Part II

 

"He to whom thou wast sent for ease being by name Legality, is the son of the bond-woman which now is in bondage with her children; and is, in a mystery, this Mount Sinai, which thou hast feared will fall on thy head. Now if she with her children are in bondage, how canst thou expect by them to be made free? This Legality therefore is not able to set thee free from thy burden. No man was as yet ever rid of his burden by him, no, nor ever is like to be; ye cannot be justified by the works of the law; for by the deeds of the law no man living can be rid of his burden; therefore, Mr. Worldly-Wiseman is an alien, and Mr. Legality a cheat; and for his son Civility, he is but a hypocrite, and cannot help thee. Believe me, there is nothing in all this noise, that thou hast heard of these sottish men, but a design to beguile thee of thy salvation, by turning thee from the way in which I had set thee." –John Bunyan from Pilgrim’s Progress

In this narrative Pastor Bunyan has Evangelist rebuke Christian for turning out of the way of grace to go by way of Mount Sinai which leads to bondage.

These articles are an attempt to bring to light what the Scriptures teach regarding the new order that Jesus came to introduce. He called this new order the Kingdom of God. This subject is worthy of our attention because Christ gave it a prominent place in His teaching, and the apostles have unfolded the doctrine for us. We are not in need of more revelation. Our great need is to understand and believe the revelation we have been given.

Part I dealt with the ceremonial law given in types and shadows pointing to the priest who would offer up himself as the acceptable sacrifice, once and for all. We concluded that these laws are passed away along with the temple in Jerusalem. They are fulfilled in the present reality of the redemption that is in Jesus Christ.

Part II will address the issue of civil law. Why did Old Testament Israel stone to death blasphemers and adulterers? Should there be state law today against blasphemy? What part of the Old Covenant is applicable to the church? What is new in the New Covenant? These are some of the questions before us.

Israel was given more than ceremonial regulations at Sinai. By the hand of Moses another body of laws identified as judicial or civil ordinances were also given to regulate the people of God politically as a visible nation. As the worship of the Jews was governed by God, so was their social order.

In Galatians chapters 3 and 4 Paul discusses the Mosaic economy in its relationship with the Abrahamic Covenant. What purpose did the Mosaic economy serve in the covenant plan? The promise to Abraham was not invalidated by Moses. He did not introduce a new way of salvation. [Galatians 3:17] Was the Mosaic system presented as God’s model for world governments? Was it introduced as the ideal of social management in all ages? Was it a pattern for subsequent social and political philosophy?

The reason for God affixing a Mosaic rider to the original covenant is clearly stated:

‘It was added because of transgressions…until the seed should come to whom the promise had been made.’ [Galatians 3:19]

The Mosaic economy was an appendage which did not alter, but which helped to enforce the original terms. Furthermore it was temporary, only effective ‘till the seed should come.’ Thus the termination point of the Mosaic economy was fixed as the coming of Christ the seed.

Paul speaks of life under Moses: It ‘differs nothing from a slave’ and is akin to being ‘in bondage’! [Galatians 4:1-3] No wonder the Jews hated Paul. They accused him of opposing Moses, but his real message was of liberty in Christ available to the Jew first and then to the Gentile.

Take for example this quote from Leviticus:

"And the Lord spoke unto Moses, saying, Bring forth him that hath cursed without the camp; and let all that heard him lay their hands upon his head, and let all the congregation stone him. And thou shall speak unto the children of Israel, saying, Whosoever curses his God shall bear his sin. And he that blasphemes the name of the Lord, he shall surely be put to death…" [Leviticus 24:13-16]

Blasphemy is always immoral. Today as in the days of Moses cursing God is a violation of the third commandment. How should a blasphemer be treated by the civil authorities today? There is now no theocracy, no identification of church and state. Should the modern state put all false prophets to death and execute all who lead men away from the true God? [Deuteronomy 18:20 & 13:5] Is capital punishment appropriate, even if it were granted that states should forbid blasphemy?

Before Christ came all the people of God were children: children in understanding; children in focusing attention upon the material; children in respect of the development of power and grace. To protect children from dangers, with which they are not ready to cope, we place restrictions on them. We repeat our warnings endlessly. We apply stern and rigid punishment. All of this is intended to shield our children from injury.

Such severe and rigorous treatment of the Jews was a kindness to them. In their sin they tended to stray from God, especially into idolatry. In their spiritual immaturity they would have been lost. The Mosaic system was a fence erected to impede the decline of Israel from the Lord. The revelation of God deposited with the Jews must be preserved, and the chosen people of God must be preserved until the seed should come.

Such austere measures are not appropriate in the New Covenant. For New Covenant Jews a return to judicial laws would be turning from our liberty in Christ to bondage.

It was necessary that such social and national regulations be temporary. For as the judicial laws shut up the Jews to faith, they shut out the rest of the world from faith. By the institution of ‘the Commonwealth of Israel’ all other nations were made ‘aliens’ and ‘strangers’. Judicial law kept all Gentiles ‘far off’. Civil regulations built a ‘wall of partition’ shutting all others out from the gospel to which the Jews were shut in. [Ephesians 2:12-14]

In Abraham all nations were to be blessed, not excluded. Hence with the coming of Christ, the Gentiles were made near. Christ broke down the middle wall of partition, ‘having abolished in his flesh the enmity, even the law of commandments contained in ordinances’. He reconciled in one body Jew and Gentile. There could be no Great Commission until the judicial law was nailed to the cross. [Ephesians 2:15-16]

Next Post: Civil law and morality

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The Kingdom of God and the Church - Part I


Discerning between laws in the kingdom

"I saw then in my dream, so far as this valley reached, there was on the right hand a very deep ditch; that ditch is it into which the blind have led the blind in all ages, and have both there miserably perished. Again, behold on the left hand, there was a very dangerous quag, into which, if even a good man falls, he can find no bottom for his foot to stand on. Into that quag King David once did fall, and had no doubt therein been smothered, had not He that is able plucked him out.

The pathway was here also exceeding narrow, and therefore good Christian was the more put to it; for when he sought in the dark to shun the ditch on the one hand, he was ready to tip over into the mire on the other; also when he sought to escape the mire, without great carefulness he would be ready to fall into the ditch. Thus he went on, and I heard him here sigh bitterly; for, besides the dangers already mentioned, the pathway was here so dark, that ofttimes when he lift up his foot to set forward, he knew not where, or upon what he should set it next." –John Bunyan from Pilgrim’s Progress

 
Thanks to Pastor Bunyan. Though dead, yet he teaches the Scriptures as no other. He is addressing in this narrative the journey that all believers must face. The way is narrow that leads to life and there are dangers for those who wander off on either side of the way. The subject of law is one in which the Christian must struggle on bended knee with open Bible.

Misunderstanding of the Biblical word "law" is a source of confusion and can lead to serious error. The legalists on one hand want to reinstate the Mosaic system of law and the antinomians on the other hand want to cancel the validity of every Old Testament commandment. Both extremes begin by asserting that in every New Testament passage "law" refers to the entire body of regulations given by Moses.

The Old Covenant people of God were organized into a visible nation. The laws that governed the theocratic nation were given to Israel through Moses as God spoke to him. God also spoke to the covenant people through the prophets until the destruction of Old Testament Israel in 70 AD. The civil and ceremonial laws ceased along with the nation and the temple. The question of interest for believers in every generation is how does the Mosaic Law apply to the Christian. New Covenant Jews are not part of a theocracy. Are we bound to the civil laws? Haven’t the ceremonial laws been fulfilled in Christ? What about the moral law?

Historically, in creed and confession, the church has distinguished between three types of law: moral, ceremonial and judicial or civil. These theological designations collect important Biblical teachings into brief phrases.

Certain verses in the New Testament establish that law has a present authority for the Christian:

         "Sin is the transgression of the law." [I John 3:4]

         "The righteousness of the law is fulfilled in us…" [Romans 8:4]

         "I delight in the law of God after the inward man." [Romans 7:22]

In contrast there are passages which speak of the law being now dismissed for the Christian. Strongest among these are:

        "[Christ has] abolished in His flesh the enmity, even the law of commandments contained in ordinances" [Ephesians 2:15];

       "Blotting out the handwriting of ordinances that was against us, which was contrary to us, and took it out of the way, nailing it to the cross." [Colossians 2:14]

For those who love the Scriptures it is clear that the Lord is speaking of different kinds of law or of different elements in the same law. It is critical for the Christian to know which law continues to define sin and sanctification and which law has been blotted out, being nailed to the Savior’s cross. From Scripture we conclude that the moral law embodied in the Ten Words continue in force today being in common with both Old and New Covenants. The moral law is of a permanent nature. Since it is the revelation of the righteousness of God as it expresses His moral will for mankind, it can never change. However, the ceremonial and judicial law has been abolished by the work of Christ at Calvary.

Ceremonial law refers to commandments, which represented to the Jews glorious spiritual truths by means of very concrete forms. Unable to receive more abstract spiritual instruction, the Hebrews were taught "under the elements of the world" [Galatians 4:3]. Repetitious, visible representations of spiritual things were imposed upon them. They were elementary pictures of things to come. For example, the bloody sacrificial system taught that the remission of sins required the shedding of blood; that is, the death of an unblemished lamb.

Most of the spiritual realities depicted by ceremonial laws center upon the glorious person and redeeming work of Jesus Christ. The Westminster Confession of Faith describes ceremonial laws as "typical ordinances…prefiguring Christ, his graces, actions, sufferings, and benefits." Since the Mosaic system intended to shut men up to faith in Christ [Galatians 3:23], the Messiah, his person, his work, and his great salvation are the dominant themes.

When Christ personally ushered the Kingdom of God into the world, He gave the Spirit in new measure to the least child of the kingdom. An indwelling Spirit produced in all citizens of the heavenly kingdom a new maturity of spiritual perception.

       "Of those born of women there is none greater than John the Baptist,
        yet he who is least in the Kingdom of Heaven is greater than he
." [Matthew 11:11]

Ceremonial laws are now incongruous with adult Christian character. Sons of the kingdom are able to comprehend more abstract spiritual realities. Jesus Christ has come into history and finished his saving work. Having these spiritual realities before our eyes, what further need is there for mere figures in the ceremonies? Now the realities are present, not future. They are clearly seen, not vaguely seen through a dark figure.

[Credits to Walter Chantry from God’s Righteous Kingdom & Geerhardus Vos from The Kingdom of God and the Church.]

Part II will continue with the civil and moral law.

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Aquinas vs Paul...


You will look in vain to find an example in the New Testament where Christ or His apostles appealed to unbelievers through the use of human wisdom. The teaching that human reason was uncorrupted in the Fall of Genesis 3 was advocated by Thomas Aquinas. His teaching was adopted and advanced by the Catholic church and led to an autonomous human reason along side the Scriptures. This allowed extra-Biblical practices and abuses into the church that eventually led to the Protestant Reformation. The Reformers rejected the belief that human reason was unaffected by the Fall saying that the whole man was fallen and that the whole man was in need of redemption. Therefore, reason dared not be trusted independent of the revelation of the Scriptures.

Let the Scriptures speak to human wisdom…


Christ did not send me to baptize, but to preach the gospel, not with wisdom of words, lest the cross of Christ should be made of no effect.” [I Corinthians 1:17]

I was with you in weakness, in fear, and in much trembling. And my speech and my preaching were not with persuasive words of human wisdom, but in demonstration of the Spirit and of power, that your faith should not be in the wisdom of men but in the power of God. [I Corinthians 2:3-5]

Now we have received, not the spirit of the world, but the Spirit who is from God, that we might know the things that have been freely given to us by God. These things we also speak, not in words which man’s wisdom teaches but which the Holy Spirit teaches, comparing spiritual things with spiritual. [I Corinthians 2:12]

Let no one deceive himself. If anyone among you seems to be wise in this age, let him become a fool that he may become wise. For the wisdom of this world is foolishness with God.” [1 Corinthians 3:18]


Acts 17 is a good example of Biblical revelation coming face to face with Greek philosophy. Paul did not appeal to their philosophy because he knew they suffered from the same deficiency as all other men.

Paul testified that God had spoken in the Scriptures and through Jesus Christ. Therefore, man could know truth about God and truth about himself and the world in which he lives. Here was the unity of thought that finite man had searched for in vain. Here was redemption for the body and the soul.

Paul addressed their lack of knowledge evident by the altar TO THE UNKNOWN GOD by declaring to them the true God. He understood that,

"In the wisdom of God, the world through wisdom did not know God…" [I Corinthians 1:21]


Hear Paul before the Greek philosophers declaring unto them the gospel and putting into practice what he had preached at Corinth.

Men of Athens, I perceive that in all things you are very religious; for as I was passing through and considering the objects of your worship, I even found an altar with this inscription: 

                                            TO THE UNKNOWN GOD.

Therefore, the One whom you worship without knowing, Him I proclaim to you: God, who made the world and everything in it, since He is Lord of heaven and earth, does not dwell in temples made with hands. Nor is He worshiped with men’s hands, as though He needed anything, since He gives to all life, breath, and all things. And He has made from one blood every nation of men to dwell on all the face of the earth, and has determined their pre-appointed times and the boundaries of their dwellings, so that they should seek the Lord, in the hope that they might grope for Him and find Him, though He is not far from each one of us; for in Him we live and move and have our being, as also some of your own poets have said, ‘For we are also His offspring.’ Therefore, since we are the offspring of God, we ought not to think that the Divine Nature is like gold or silver or stone, something shaped by art and man’s devising. Truly, these times of ignorance God overlooked, but now commands all men everywhere to repent, because He has appointed a day on which He will judge the world in righteousness by the Man whom He has ordained. He has given assurance of this to all by raising Him from the dead.” [Acts 17]

Today the autonomous human reason introduced by Aquinas has resulted in a widespread belief that unregenerate men can be appealed to based on human reason. The Bible says that the unregenerate man is at enmity with God. Islamic radicals are a vivid picture of what is normally unseen. Their acts and words reveal the unregenerate heart for all to see. You cannot reason with dead men. It takes a work of God to raise the dead. He does this in the gospel through the message preached.

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Modern modern science: the bankruptcy of naturalism...


Escape from Reason – part 11

Modern modern science – bankruptcy of naturalism

In this section Schaeffer gives us his analysis of what he calls modern modern science. That is, a science that has lost its way by forsaking the Christian base that gave rise to its development. Is faith consistent with reason and scientific investigation? Emphatically, we answer, yes. Faith founded in the revelation of the Scriptures is essential. Otherwise you end up with only naturalism and autonomous man, both without meaning or purpose.

The early scientists believed in the uniformity of natural causes in an open system. God and man were outside the cause and effect machine of the cosmos, and therefore they both could influence the machine. To them all that exists was not one big cosmic machine that includes everything.

The shift from modern science to modern modern science was a shift from the concept of the uniformity of natural causes in an open system to the concept of the uniformity of natural causes in a closed system. That little phrase makes all the difference between natural science and a science that is rooted in naturalistic philosophy. In the latter view nothing is outside a total cosmic machine.

Scientists in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries continued to use the word God, but pushed God more and more to the edges of their systems. Finally, they moved to the idea of a completely closed system. That left no place for God, but equally it left no place for man. Man disappears, to be viewed as some form of determined or behavioristic machine. Everything is part of the cosmic machine, including people. Before the shift the laws of cause and effect were applied to physics, astronomy, and chemistry. Today the mechanical cause and effect perspective is applied equally to psychology and sociology.

Notice that the scientists who gave birth to the earlier great breakthroughs of science would not have accepted this concept. It arose not because of what could be demonstrated by science, but because the scientists who took this new view had accepted a different philosophic base. The findings of science, as such, did not bring them to accept this view; rather, their world-view brought them to this place. They became naturalistic or materialistic in their presuppositions.

Earlier thinkers would have rejected this totally. Leonardo da Vinci understood that if you begin rationalistically with mathematics, all you have is particulars and therefore you are left with mechanics. The modern modern scientists insist on a total unity of the downstairs and the upstairs, and the upstairs disappears. Neither God nor freedom are there any more; everything is in the machine. Thus we are left with a deterministic sea without a shore.

The result of seeking for a unity on the basis of the uniformity of natural causes in a closed system is that freedom does not exist. In fact, love no longer exists; significance in the old sense of man longing for significance no longer exists. This is what we mean when we say that darwinism is vain philosophy that leads men to despair and destruction.

Darwinism makes an illegitimate claim to the presupposition of the uniformity of natural causes. If chance alone operates, why should that which exists move toward a consistent increase in complexity? Most importantly, no one has yet shown how man could have been brought forth from non-man solely by time plus chance. Without the Scriptures to give man a reference to the absolute his rationalism ends in nonsense.

Darwinism is a bankrupt ideology. Men have let go of the rational in order to hold on to his naturalism. Man cannot long believe that which is nonsense. We see the ID movement as a stream coming over the dam. Soon there will be a flood. This does not mean a return to the Christian answer, but it is a step back toward recovering the rational from today’s irrationality. When the flood begins perhaps the Lord will call many to Himself in a revival of truth, and we will again see autonomous man turn away from his rebellion and submit to the truth.

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Escape from Reason – part 10

 
Kant and Rousseau – Freedom replaces grace

After the Renaissance-Reformation period the next crucial stage is reached at the time of Kant (1724-1804) and of Rousseau (1712-1778). By this time, the sense of the autonomous, which had derived from Aquinas, is fully developed. The problem was now formulated differently. This shift in the wording of the formulation shows in itself the development of the problem. Whereas men had previously spoken of nature and grace, by this time there was no idea of grace; the word did not fit any longer.

To appreciate the significance of this stage of the formulation of modern man, we must remember that up until this time the schools of philosophy in the West, from the time of the Greeks onward, had three important principles in common.

The first is that they were rationalistic. By this is meant that man begins absolutely and totally from himself, gathers the information concerning the particulars, and formulates the universals.

Second, they all believed in the rational. This word has no relationship to the word ‘rationalism’. They acted upon the basis that man’s aspiration for the validity of reason was well founded. They thought in terms of antithesis. If a certain thing was true, the opposite was not true. In morals, if a thing was right, the opposite was wrong. This is something that goes as far back as you can go in man’s thinking. It is the only way man can think. That is the way God has made us and there is no other way to think. Therefore, the basis of classical logic is that A is not non-A. The understanding of what is involved in this methodology of antithesis, and what is involved in casting it away, is very important in understanding contemporary thought.

The third thing that men had always hoped for in philosophy was that they would be able to construct a unified field of knowledge. At the time of Kant, for example, men were tenaciously hanging on to this hope, despite the pressure against it. They hoped that by means of rationalism plus rationality they would find a complete answer; an answer that would encompass all of thought and all of life. With minor exceptions, this aspiration marked all philosophy up to and including the time of Kant.

By the time of Kant rationalism was now well developed and entrenched; there was no concept of revelation in any area. Consequently the problem was now defined, not in terms of ‘nature and grace’, but of ‘nature and freedom’. This is a titanic change, expressing a secularized version of the problem. Nature has totally devoured grace, and what is left in its place ‘upstairs’ is the word ‘freedom’.

Even though determinism was involved in the lower ‘storey’, there was still an intense longing after human freedom. Previously determinism had almost always been confined to the area of physics, or in other words, to the machine portion of the universe. However, now human freedom was seen as autonomous also. Freedom and nature are both now autonomous. The individual’s freedom is seen not only as freedom without the need of redemption, but as absolute freedom.

The fight to retain freedom is carried on by Rousseau to a high degree. He and those who follow him, in their literature and art, express a casting aside of civilization as that which is restraining man’s freedom. They feel the pressure ‘downstairs’ of man as the machine. Naturalistic science becomes a very heavy weight. So men, who are not really modern men as yet and so have not accepted the fact that they are only machines, begin to hate science. They long for freedom even if the freedom makes no sense, and thus autonomous freedom and the autonomous machine stand facing each other.

Autonomous freedom means a freedom where the individual is the centre of the universe without restraint. Therefore, as man begins to feel the weight of the machine pressing upon him, Rousseau and others swear and curse against the science, which is threatening their human freedom. The freedom that they advocate is autonomous in that it is freedom without limitations. It is freedom that no longer fits into the rational world. It merely hopes that the finite individual man will be free; all that is left is individual self-expression.

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Godless: The Church of Liberalism by Ann Coulter - A Review of Reviews

 
Ms. Coulter, thank you for having enough confidence in the truth to expose darwinism as vain philosophy and adhered to by those reminiscent of religious fundamentals. For every one of those who oppose you, there are many that will encourage you. We have written this review of reviews of your new book for your encouragement, and we pray for your continued spiritual courage and stamina in the warfare. [Isaiah 41:10-11]

First, we commend you for confronting the official state religion. Your book is like salt and light to a world given to corruption, darkness and foolishness. Not so long ago you would be facing the punishment due to religious heretics. Now you are exposed to the more acceptable forms of persecution like assaults on your character and your religion. This is to be expected from the darwinites. They have abandoned the scientific method to win disciples in favor of intimidation and fraud.

Isaac Newton said that the eye did not originate without knowledge of the science of optics. Similarly, we can say that flying creatures did not originate without knowledge of the science of aerodynamics. It is incredible that intelligent men would think that these things happened without a designer. This tells us something significant about the darwinites. Regardless of what they say, this controversy has more to do with philosophy than with science.

We have been monitoring the reviews of your book. The liberal response was typical in its focus on one quote out of context in an attempt to discredit the author and the book. We expected the darwinites to ignore you. Perhaps your book is provoking uncomfortable inquiry, because you have provoked their unthoughtful response. We hope that many will be influenced by your book and discover for themselves the deception surrounding darwinism.

Most of the responses are predictable and can be summarized as, “She believes in God; what could she know, and why doesn’t she profess her faith privately?” These are an attempted defense of what you have exposed as fraud. It makes for some comic relief to see how men who profess to be scientists lose their rationality when it comes to defending darwinism. If darwinism is good science, then why the fraud?

For example this one gives us the classic quote, “Evolution is not a religion, and it makes no value judgments.” They are dead right about evolution being without values, but they fail to realize that a world-view with a value free ethic leads to lawlessness in all aspects of the culture.

Witless: Ann Coulter's Junk Science
By Jennie and Phillip Lightweis-Goff
countercurrents.org/goff100706.htm


Folly of Naturalism

Francis Schaeffer in Escape from Reason has exposed the tendency of autonomous science to disregard the things that give meaning and purpose. Science given over to naturalism will end in despair, because science can only know the things that can be measured. Presupposing that there is no God has doomed it to a hopeless and baseless quest to answer those questions that transcend mechanics. Who is man and what is his purpose? Autonomous science will never answer these questions, because they belong to the spiritual realm. In our day naturalism has led men to this nonsense.

Significantly, the darwinites now say that evolution theory does not extend to the origin of life. Up to date evolutionists have succumbed to the law of biogenesis. Life begets life. Even the darwinites had to admit that the living cell with its self-replicating DNA did not originate without design. This is a huge admission for them to make, since the only alternative is a designer; a designer that has given us a living cell.

Starting with a living cell may have given the darwinites a pass on the origin of life, but this does not get around the problem of the origin of personality and language. No one has begun to explain how the impersonal plus time plus chance will ever result in something personal with the ability to communicate ideas and to live by faith. These things cannot be explained in the realm of naturalism. The designer of the cell must be living and personal to explain the existence of man.

The darwinites have given up on the idea that evolution can explain the origin of life, but given a living cell they can explain how life evolved into all the complex life forms including man. Why would a theory that has nothing to say about the origin of the cell be credible on the evolution of the cell? Perhaps, they will succumb to the other sciences as well.

Real science is against the darwinites. The science of thermodynamics says that systems do not increase in complexity without intelligent work. Anybody that’s been to a junkyard can testify to this fact. The sun shines on those junk cars most every day and all they do is rust. There is no mechanism to convert the sun’s energy into useful work to repair those cars. The same idea holds for living things. An engine is necessary for energy conversion into a useful form to sustain life. Biochemical engines do not happen by chance.

The science of genetics says that only limited genetic variation can be expected within species and that accumulated mutations are less than beneficial. DNA is designed to copy itself. There is no mechanism to add new genetic information to the DNA strand. Genetic mutations are mistakes in the copy process. It is not reasonable to expect random copying mistakes to accumulate into changes that are beneficial to life.


Predictions and the Fossil Record

We are told that genetic mutations accumulate so that lower life forms change into more complex life forms driven only by a principle of survival of the fittest. That is, invertebrates change into vertebrates and fish change into mammals. This is called macro-evolution.

The fossil record must provide the critical evidence for or against macro-evolution, since no other scientific evidence can possibly tell us the actual history of living things. The vital question before us is whether the record of past ages, now preserved in the form of fossils, show that such changes have occurred.

On the basis of the evolution model we would predict that the most ancient strata in which fossils are found would contain the most primitive forms of life capable of leaving a fossil record. As successive younger strata were searched we would expect to see the gradual transition of these relatively simple forms of life into more and more complex forms of life. As living forms diverged into the millions of species which have existed in the past and which exist today, we would expect to find a slow and gradual transition of one form into another. We would not expect the new basic types to appear suddenly in the fossil record possessing all of the characteristics that are used to define its kind.

If fish evolved into amphibian, then we would expect to find transitional forms showing the gradual transition of fins into feet and legs. If reptiles gave rise to birds, then we would expect to find transitional forms in the fossil record showing the gradual transition of the forelimbs of the ancestral reptile into the wings of a bird, and the gradual transition of some structure on the reptile into feathers of a bird. These are the obvious transitions that would be easily traced in the fossil record.

The fossil record ought to produce thousands upon thousands of transitional or in-between forms. After 170 years of searching, a large number of obvious transitional forms would have been discovered if the predictions of evolution theory are valid. We have discovered billions of fossils of ancient invertebrates and many fossils of ancient fishes.

Evolutionists allow many millions of years for the transition of invertebrates into vertebrates. Populations are supposed to constitute the units of evolution and, of course, only successful populations survive. It seems obvious that if we find fossils of the invertebrates that were supposed to have been ancestral to fishes, and if we find fossils of the fishes, we surely ought to find the fossils of the transitional forms. [Credits to Drs. Duane Gish and the late Henry Morris at icr.org]


Ann Coulter’s “Flatulent Raccoon Theory”

The review done by mediamatters.org at mediamatters.org/items/200607070010 is what we refer to as a snow job. The method is to confuse the real issues with mountains of detail. Distract the reader into thinking you are refuting the arguments against your position and then declare your foe vanquished.

For example, they labor to make the point that Archaeopteryx is an example of a transitional life form between reptile and bird. The question of debate is not over one or a few disputed transitional fossils. The issue is over the thousands and thousands of obvious transitionals that are absent from the fossil record.

If a theory makes a prediction, then we expect to see the evidence. Based on the doctrine of common descent the number of fossils documenting the gradual change from the lower groups to the more complex groups should greatly out-number the total number of the existing fossils from the major groups. It would be difficult to identify where the transitions between the major groups were complete, because the changes would be so gradual. The expected characteristic would look more like one form blending into another rather than abrupt changes.

Is this not what is expected based on the theory? Yes, even the darwinites admit this in their Punctuated Equilibria (PE) theory. To their credit they made use of the scientific method. When predictions based on their theory were not verified in the data, they modified their theory. PE says that macro-evolution does not occur uniformly over long periods of time. Rather it happens in spurts, followed by long periods of inactivity. Therefore, the transitional forms occur so fast in terms of geologic time that they are not present in the fossil record.

This is an improper use of the scientific method because the modification made to the theory invalidates the basic tenet of the theory, namely that gradual changes can explain the fossil record. Darwinites have admitted with PE that gradual changes cannot explain the fossil record. Without the fossil record to support the theory, the darwinites have no theory. Therefore, evolution is now more about philosophy than science.

Perhaps the darwinites would understand why reasonable men have serious questions about their theory. Other intelligent men have looked at the data, and by using the scientific method they have rejected macro-evolution. The abrupt appearance of fully functioning life forms and the absence of abundant and obvious transitional fossils indicate that the fossils are saying something contrary to macro-evolution.

The evidence is more consistent with the Biblical testimony of the creation of plants and animals according to their kind and that reproduce after their kind and that perished in a global flood. The fossil record, rather than being a record of transformation, is a record of mass destruction, death, and burial by a flood event that was more catastrophic than we can imagine. [Credits to Dr. Walt Brown at creationscience.com]


Social Darwinism

Darwinites like to think that their theory is pure science. To suggest that it is vain philosophy that corrupts the way men think and live is anathema to them. They disregard the words of wisdom, “Keep your heart with all diligence; for out of it come the issues of life” and again, “You shall know them by their fruits;” that is, look at their works, not their words.

In response some have disparaged Christianity by saying that Protestantism influenced Hitler’s anti-Semitism. These men are enemies of the cross. They have exalted themselves above the revelation of Jesus Christ, and as unregenerate men they glory in their foolishness. For example, the following quote is from the worldly wisdom of Ellis Weiner:

I'm stunned. How could I have gone through twelve years of public school, and six years of Hebrew school, and four years of college, and two years of drum lessons, and still not know that the deadly career of the world-famous dictator, Adolph Hitler, is directly attributable to Jesus Christ? Because it's all there: Hitler bedazzled by the Christian Social Party. His awakening to a transformative embrace of anti-Semitism…Would there have been a Christian Social Party without Jesus? Who for centuries has been lauded as The Christ? Because isn't that where the word "Christian" comes from? As pertaining to Christ and Christianity?”


How Jesus Led to Hitler and Hitler Led to Ann Coulter

By Ellis Weiner
huffingtonpost.com/ellis-weiner/how-jesus-led-to-hitler-a_b_27856.html

Mr. Weiner thinks he is clever to mock the connection you make between Darwin and Hitler by making the leap from Christ to Hitler. If Mr. Weiner had ever read the New Testament, perhaps he would know that Hitler’s behavior could not be associated with the teachings of Jesus Christ, except by gross ignorance or religious bigotry. However, were Hitler’s actions consistent with the teachings of Darwin? Yes, his policies have been referred to as applied darwinism.

The following two quotes are from a couple of the good reviews.

“[Ms.] Coulter’s final chapter serves as a thought-provoking addendum to her searing cross-examination of evolution’s star witnesses. “The Aped Crusader” displays the devastating social consequences that have thus far attended Darwinism. From German and American eugenicists (including Planned Parenthood’s Margaret Sanger), to Aryan racists, to the infanticidal musings of Princeton’s Peter Singer, Darwinian evolution boasts a political and philosophical heritage that could only be envied by the likes of Charles Manson. Yet it is a history ignored by liberals for whom Darwin’s theory provides what they want above all else—a creation myth that sanctifies their sexual urges, sanctions abortion, and disposes of God.”

[Godless: The Church of Liberalism by Richard Kirk, theonerepublic.com/archives/Columns/Kirk/20060710KirkGodless.html]

It’s amazing to me that parents continue to cede religion to Darwinism in our public schools while they take their children to church on Sunday. Do we really require Darwin’s evolution theory for human societies and the study of all things? What has it produced? There is no heart, mind or soul in Darwin’s theory, only random mechanics.”

[Darwin's Evolutionary Disciples Silent by Bonnie Alba, renewamerica.us/columns/alba/060811]


The Sovereignty of God

Finally, be reminded of the sovereignty of God. To say that God is sovereign is to declare that God is God. To say that god is sovereign is to declare that He is the Most High, doing according to His will in the army of heaven, and among the inhabitants of the earth, so that none can stay His hand or say unto Him what doest Thou? [Daniel 4:35] To say that God is sovereign is to declare that He is the Almighty, the Possessor of all power in heaven and earth, so that none can defeat His counsels, thwart His purpose, or resist His will. [Psalm 115:3] To say that God is sovereign is to declare that He is “The Governor among the nations” [Psalm 22:28], setting up kingdoms, overthrowing empires, and determining the course of dynasties as pleaseth Him best. To say that God is sovereign is to declare that He is [the High King of Heaven,] the “Only Potentate, the King of kings, and the Lord of lords” [I Timothy 6:15]. Such is the God of the Bible [with whom we have to do]. 

                                                                                  –Arthur Pink from the Sovereignty of God

Martin Luther stood before the combined powers of state and church in his day armed only with his Bible and the faith that had set him free. His words should be an encouragement to all men who love the truth and long for the kingdom wherein dwells righteousness.

Did we in our own strength confide, Our striving would be losing;
Were not the right Man on our side, The Man of God’s own choosing.
Dost ask who that may be? Christ Jesus, it is he, Lord of Hosts is his Name,
From age to age the same, And he must win the battle
.” 
                                                            
                                                                        –Martin Luther from A Mighty Fortress is our God

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Christ questions Nicodemus...


You are the teacher of Israel and do not know these things? [John 3]

Why did Christ rebuke Nicodemus for not understanding the nature of man and the need of regeneration, given that he was a teacher of the law? What does the Old Testament Scriptures teach about these things?

He has shown you, O man, what is good; and what does the LORD require of you, but to do justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly with your God? [Micah 6:8]

The prophet Micah refers to the second tablet of the Law as what is good. It defines how we should love our neighbor by putting content to the word love. True religion is to observe what is good toward all men and to take pleasure in kindness. True religion is marked by humility and by delighting in mercy.

The man who understands mercy is the man David calls blessed, “Blessed is the man whose sin is covered…and in whose spirit there is no deceit.” [Psalm 32] This man has lost his pride in his experience of the mercy of God, and therefore he is able to extend mercy toward others.

Micah and David give us a sense that true religion is of the heart. This agrees with the wise man who says, “Out of the heart come the issues of life” [Proverbs 4:23] and again, “As a man thinks so is he.” [Proverbs 23:7]

The condition of man after the Fall is graphically illustrated in the Genesis Flood account. “The wickedness of man was great in the earth, and every intent of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually." [Genesis 6:5]

The idea of this heart condition affecting the covenant people is taught by Moses. “Circumcise the foreskin of your heart…” [Deuteronomy 10:16] Circumcision applied to the heart teaches us that the physical covenant sign given to Abraham carries a spiritual meaning pointing to a spiritual covenant.

The prophet Jeremiah agrees with Moses about the heart condition of man, “The heart is deceitful about all things and desperately wicked, who can know it?” [Jeremiah 17:9] Jeremiah uses the same language as Moses, “Circumcise the foreskin of your heart...” [Jeremiah 4:4] Then Jeremiah introduces the New Covenant and gives us the great promise, “I will write My Law on their heart...” [Jeremiah 31]

Moses had prophesied that God will circumcise the heart after Israel returns from captivity, “And the LORD your God will circumcise your heart and the heart of your descendants, to love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul, that you may live." [Deuteronomy 30:6] Moses links the ideas of circumcising the heart with the Law, since the Law defines how we are to love God.

The prophet Ezekiel compares the new heart to flesh and the old heart to stone, “I will give them one heart, and I will put a new spirit within them, and take the stony heart out of their flesh, and give them a heart of flesh…” [Ezekiel 11:19 & 36:26]

The Old Testament presents us with our fatal heart condition, but promises that God will circumcise the heart of His people by writing His Law on the new heart. The New Covenant is contrasted with the Old Covenant in that the Law is to be written on the heart of all the covenant people rather than on tablets of stone.

We refer to Isaiah as the gospel prophet because he answers the vital questions surrounding the messenger of the covenant; the Holy One of Israel who would seal the covenant with His own blood. “Surely He has borne our griefs and carried our sorrows; yet we esteemed Him stricken, smitten by God, and afflicted. But He was wounded for our transgressions, He was bruised for our iniquities; the chastisement for our peace was upon Him, and by His stripes we are healed.” [Isaiah 53]

We can sympathize with Nicodemus because he lived in the Old Covenant. The modern day Nicodemus on this side of the cross is harder to understand, except to say that regeneration is still required before a man can see and enter into the kingdom of God. [John 3]

Without regeneration a religious man will pursue his own righteousness by the works of the law or by a life of morality. He hopes his good works will out number his sins. This he thinks will insure his acceptance with God. Again, they have not listened to the gospel prophet, “We are all like an unclean thing, and all our righteousnesses are like filthy rags…” [Isaiah 64:6]

Early in Genesis God revealed the way of righteousness. Abraham is our example of how a man is made right before God. “Abraham believed God, and it was counted to him as righteousness.” [Genesis 15:6]

The doctrine of justification by faith alone in Christ alone has to do with the supernatural process of regeneration whereby a man is born again; that is, born of the Spirit and declared righteous before God because he is covered in the perfect righteousness of Jesus Christ.

The covenant making God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob is the One who makes men to differ according to His good pleasure. He is the potter; we are the clay. [Isaiah 29:16] We invite men to come to Christ knowing that he has redeemed a multiple that no man can number from all nations and all generations. He has fulfilled the covenant and is now gathering His people. “Look now toward heaven, and count the stars if you are able to number them…So shall your descendants be.” [Genesis 15:5]

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Early modern science

 

Escape from Reason - part 9

Outline of chapter 3

Early modern science
Kant and Rousseau
Modern modern science
Modern modern morality
Hegel
Kierkegaard and the Line of Despair


Early modern science – the necessity of a Biblical world-view

We have to realize that early modern science was started by those who lived in the consensus and setting of Christianity. A man like J. Robert Oppenheimer, for example, who was not a Christian, nevertheless understood this. He has said that Christianity was needed to give birth to modern science. [On Science and Culture, Encounter, October 1962] Christianity was necessary for the beginning of modern science for the simple reason that Christianity created a climate of thought which put men in a position to investigate the form of the universe.

Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) stated that the great philosophic question is that something exists rather than nothing exists. No matter what man thinks, he has to deal with the fact and the problem that there is something there. Christianity gives an explanation of why it is objectively there. In contrast to Eastern thinking, the Hebrew-Christian tradition affirms that God has created a true universe outside of Himself. That is, the universe is not an extension of the essence of God. There is something there to think about, to deal with and to investigate which has objective reality. Christianity gives a certainty of objective reality and of cause and effect, a certainty that is strong enough to build on. Thus the object, and history, and cause and effect really exist.

Many of the early scientists had the same general outlook as that of Francis Bacon (1561-1626), who said,

Man by the Fall fell at the same time from his state of innocence and from his dominion over nature. Both of these losses, however, can even in this life be in some part repaired; the former by religion and faith, the latter by the arts and sciences.”

Therefore science as science and art as art were understood to be, in the best sense, a religious activity. Notice that Bacon did not see science as autonomous, for it was placed within the revelation of the Scriptures at the point of the Fall. Yet, within that form, science and art were free and of intrinsic value before both men and God.

The early scientists also shared the outlook of Christianity in believing that there is a reasonable God, who had created a reasonable universe, and thus man, by use of his reason, could find out the form of the universe.

These tremendous contributions, which we take for granted, launched early modern science. It would be a very real question if the scientists of today, who function without these assurances and motivations, would, or could, have ever begun modern science. Nature had to be freed from the Byzantine mentality and returned to a proper biblical emphasis; and it was the biblical mentality which gave birth to modern science. The secular scientist has no basis for his belief in the uniformity of natural causes and the formulation of scientific laws. He doesn’t realize that he is borrowing from the Christian world-view.

Early science was natural science in that it dealt with natural things, but it was not naturalistic, for though it held to the uniformity of natural causes, it did not conceive of God and man as caught in the machinery. They held the conviction, first, that God gave knowledge to men–knowledge concerning Himself and also concerning the universe and history; and, second, that God and man were not a part of the machinery and could affect the working of the machine of cause and effect. So there was not an autonomous situation in the lower storey.

Science thus developed; a science which dealt with the real, natural world but which had not yet become naturalistic.

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Reformation, Renaissance and the whole man

 

Escape from Reason – part 8

Reformation, Renaissance and morals

There are many practical results of the differences between Renaissance and Reformation thought. For example, the Renaissance set women free. So did the Reformation, but with a great difference. The women of the Renaissance in Italy were free, but at the great cost of general immorality.

Why was this? It goes back to the then current view of nature and grace. These things are never merely theoretical, because men act the way they think. In the upper storey there were the lyric poets who wrote of ideal love. Then below in the lower storey there were the novelists and the comic poets who wrote of sensuality. There was a flood of pornographic books.

This element of the Renaissance period did not stop with the sensual materials, but worked out into the way men lived their lives. The autonomous man found himself in a duality. He would engage in the sensual with one woman and marry another to bear his children and cook his meals. The autonomous elements flowed over into the whole structure of Renaissance life.

In contrast, the Reformation set women free because the Bible elevates women as co-heirs with men to the grace of life. They have different roles in the family and in the church, but in the area of their state before God and in redemption there is no distinction between men and women. “There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus.”

The whole man

In the Reformation view of man the soul is not more important than the body. God made the whole man and the whole man is important. The doctrine of the bodily resurrection of the dead tells us that God loves the whole man. The Bible therefore opposes the Platonic view which makes the soul more important than the body. The Biblical view also opposes the humanistic position where the body and autonomous mind of man become more important, and grace is reduced to the unimportant.

The Biblical position, rediscovered at the Reformation, says that neither the Platonic view nor the humanistic view will do. First, God made the whole man, and He is interested in the whole man. Second, when the historic space-time Fall took place, it affected the whole man. Third, on the basis of Christ’s person and work on the cross, and having the knowledge that we possess in the revelation of the Scriptures, there is redemption for the whole man.

The great hope of the Christian is that the whole man will enjoy the full benefits of redemption in a resurrected body free from the state of sin. Paul says in Romans 6 that even in the present life we are to have a substantial reality of the redemption of the whole man. This is to be on the basis of the shed blood of Christ and in the power of the Holy Spirit by faith. Even though it will not be perfect in this life, there is the real lordship of Christ over the whole man.

This is the Reformers understanding of the Scriptures that Christ is equally Lord of nature and grace. There is nothing autonomous, nothing apart from the lordship of Jesus Christ and the authority of the Scriptures. God made the whole man and is interested in the whole man and has promised to redeem the whole man. The result is a unity of thought. Thus at the same time as the birth of modern man in the Renaissance there was the Reformation’s answer to his dilemma. In contrast, the dualism in Renaissance man has brought forth the modern forms of Humanism, with modern man’s sorrows.

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Forgotton Words - New Nation Identified

 

Forgotten words refer to words of Jesus Christ and the divine commentary on His words given by His apostles that are ignored by many who profess His Name.

The Apostle Peter expounds Christ’s Vinedresser Parable of Matthew 21. He identifies the new nation that will bear kingdom fruit, and by using Old Testament quotes he gives us more commentary on the chief cornerstone. As it is written…

"Behold, I lay in Zion a chief cornerstone, elect, precious, and he who believes on Him will by no means be put to shame." [quote of Isaiah 28:16]

Therefore, to you who believe, He is precious; but to those who are disobedient,

"The stone which the builders rejected has become the chief cornerstone," [quote of Psalm 118:22] and "A stone of stumbling and a rock of offense." [quote of Isaiah 8:14]

They stumble, being disobedient to the word, to which they also were appointed.


But you are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, His own special people, that you may proclaim the praises of Him who called you out of darkness into His marvelous light; who once were not a people but are now the people of God, who had not obtained mercy but now have obtained mercy. [I Peter 2]

Peter uses the pronoun "you" to identify the new nation. So the next question is who is Peter addressing in his letter? In context he addresses "you who believe." In opening the letter he addresses the dispersed believers in the churches through out what is now Asia Minor.

"Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to the pilgrims of the Dispersion in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia and Bithynia, elect according to the foreknowledge of God the Father…" [I Peter 1:1]

Peter leaves no doubt to whom he is addressing. He identifies them as the elect, which means that any New Testament believer can claim the letter for his own. Therefore, the new nation of which Christ refers is his body, the church of the living God made up of all His people; a multitude that no man can number from ever kindred, tribe, nation and tongue, including Jews.

"The kingdom of God is not meat or drink but righteousness, peace and joy in the Holy Spirit." [Romans 14]

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Forgotton Words - Vinedresser Parable of Matthew 21

 

Forgotten words refer to words of Jesus Christ that are ignored by many who profess His Name.

Consider these words from the one identified as the stone which the builders rejected, but has become the chief corner stone…


"Hear another parable. There was a certain landowner who planted a vineyard and set a hedge around it, dug a winepress in it and built a tower. And he leased it to vinedressers and went into a far country. Now when vintage-time drew near, he sent his servants to the vinedressers, that they might receive its fruit. And the vinedressers took his servants, beat one, killed one, and stoned another. Again he sent other servants, more than the first, and they did likewise to them. Then last of all he sent his son to them, saying, ‘They will respect my son.’ But when the vinedressers saw the son, they said among themselves, ‘This is the heir. Come, let us kill him and seize his inheritance.’ So they took him and cast him out of the vineyard and killed him. "Therefore, when the owner of the vineyard comes, what will he do to those vinedressers?" They said to Him, "He will destroy those wicked men miserably, and lease his vineyard to other vinedressers who will render to him the fruits in their seasons."

Jesus said to them, "Have you never read in the Scriptures:

      ‘The stone which the builders rejected
      Has become the chief cornerstone.
      This was the LORD’s doing,
      And it is marvelous in our eyes’? [quote from Psalm 118]

"Therefore I say to you, the kingdom of God will be taken from you and given to a nation bearing the fruits of it. And whoever falls on this stone will be broken; but on whomever it falls, it will grind him to powder." Now when the chief priests and Pharisees heard His parables, they perceived that He was speaking of them. [Matthew 21]

The parable of the vinedresser is one of those, which leaves no doubt as to its meaning, since Christ gives the explanation. "The kingdom of God will be taken from you and given to a nation bearing the fruits of it." From the parable the vinedressers are associated with the Old Covenant nation of Israel. Matthew 23 confirms:

"O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, the one who kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to her! How often I wanted to gather your children together, as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, but you were not willing! See! Your house is left to you desolate; for I say to you, you shall see Me no more till you say, ‘Blessed is He who comes in the name of the LORD!’" Christ again quotes from Psalm 118 referring to the new order that He came to institute in His kingdom.

Messiah was expected by many to conquer as King David and reign over an ext