Posted by
ValiantForTruth on Tuesday, December 28, 2010 3:38:21 PM
If the lines in the spectrum of the light from a star or galaxy appear at a lower frequency (shifted toward the red) than where they are observed in the spectrum of the Sun, then this object exhibits 'positive redshift'. The accepted explanation for this effect is that the object must be moving away from us. This interpretation is drawn by analogy with the downward shift in the pitch of a train whistle as it passes through a railroad crossing and then speeds away from us. But is recessional velocity the only explanation for redshift, as modern astrophysicists presume? An increasing body of evidence says NO!
For example, if the wavelength of an absorption line in an object's observed spectrum appears at a wavelength that is 1.56 times its 'normal wavelength' taken with respect to the Sun, then this object has a positive redshift of z = 0.56. The 'z value' is simply the observed fractional increase in the wavelength of the spectral lines. The simple interpretation of this is that the light from this object must be receding from us at 56% of the speed of light or 0.56 x 300,000 km/sec. Mainstream astrophysicists believe that recessional velocity, v = cz. Celestial objects are assumed to be at a distance from Earth proportional to their redshift. This is the so called Hubble’s law.
But a high redshift value does not necessarily mean the object is far away. There is another, more important cause of high redshift values that has potential to revolutionize the state of cosmology.
Halton Arp is a professional astronomer who, earlier in his career, was assistant to Edwin Hubble. For years he worked at the Mt. Palomar and Mt. Wilson observatories. While there, Arp discovered that many pairs of quasars (quasi-stellar objects) which have extremely high redshift z values are physically associated with galaxies that have low redshift. There is photographic evidence of many pairs of high redshift quasars that are symmetrically located on either side of what are suggested by Arp to be their parent, low redshift galaxies. These pairings occur much more often than the probabilities of random placement would allow. Mainstream astrophysicists try to explain away Arp's observations of connected galaxies and quasars as being "illusions" or "coincidences of apparent location". But, the number of physically associated quasars and low red shift galaxies are too large for this evasion to have any credibility.
"Big Bang" theory depends on redshift being proportional to velocity and distance being proportional to velocity. Therefore high redshifted quasars cannot possibly be spatially associated with low redshifted galaxies. In denying Arp’s evidence the community is admitting that their theory is contrary to observation. As with macro-evolution theory, the accepted cosmology is without credibility because the community will not honestly deal with the anomalies.
Where’s the evidence?
A prime example of Arp's challenge is the connected pair of objects NGC 4319 and Markarian 205. This connection is between two objects that have vastly different redshift values. Mainstream astronomers deny the existence of this physical link. They claim these two objects are 'coincidentally aligned'.
On April 4, 2002 amateur astronomer John Smith of Oro Valley, AZ obtained an image of the two objects. The image was quantized to show contours of equal brightness called isophotes. This result is shown below. The isophotes in the central section of 4319 suggest that the galaxy is indeed a barred spiral. Also the main arms seem to be coming off at their roots. Both of these observations were first noted by Arp and stated as such in his book. Notice that only Mark 205's isophotes are stretched back toward NGC 4319. None of the other objects in close proximity to 4319 are distorted in this manner.
Then on October 7, 2002 the Astronomy Picture of the Day issued a Hubble Space Telescope image of these same objects at a different orientation. After processing this HST image in the same way as the above amateur image, the results are as shown below. The official explanation of the NASA image states, "Appearances can be deceiving. In this NASA Hubble Space Telescope image, an odd celestial duo, the spiral galaxy NGC 4319 [center] and a quasar called Markarian 205 [upper right], appear to be neighbors. In reality, the two objects don't even live in the same city. They are separated by time and space. NGC 4319 is 80 million light-years from Earth. Markarian 205 (Mrk 205) is more than 14 times farther away, residing 1 billion light-years from Earth. The apparent close alignment of Mrk 205 and NGC 4319 is simply a matter of chance."
[a] Hubble image after isophote processing
[b] Magnified isophote view
Notice, in the magnified isophote view, [b], that there is a distention of the shape of the Mark 205 inner isophotes back toward NGC 4319. There are also a series of secondary masses within Mark 205 on a line connecting 4319 and the center of Mark 205. But NASA scientists 'cannot see any connection between these two objects.' Some professional astronomers seem to be so enamored of their 'redshift equals distance' theory that they must explain what they see is not there.